#LandDispossesion in 1948 26 May, The National Party (NP) led by D.F. Malan in alliance with Nicolaas Christiaan Havenga's Afrikaner Party (AP) wins by a majority of five seats and 40% of the overall electoral vote. #SiyaKolisi #LandExpropriation #transformation

#LandDispossesion in 1950 27 April, The Group Areas Act is passed and gives the government power to create racially segregated areas where members of a specific racial group could live and work. #SiyaKolisi #LandExpropriation #transformation

The Commission for the Socio-Economic Development of Bantu Areas headed by Professor F. R. Tomlinson(better known as the Tomlinson Commission) is appointed by D.F Malan to develop a socio-economic plan to rehabilitate and develop black areas into ‘self-governing’ homelands.

#LandDispossesion in 1951 November-December, The Witzieshoek rebellion breaks out as a result of pressure applied by the government through successive legislations that increasingly put pressure on arable land in the reserve. #SiyaKolisi #LandExpropriation #transformation

#LandDispossesion in 1952
23 January, The DCC tables objections to the Technical Sub Committee’s plans for race based zoning proposals from 15 organisations and individuals representing White interests. The entire Bo Kaap area is declared a Malay area under the Group Areas Act.

#LandDispossession in 13 August, Villagers at Machavie are informed that they will be forcibly removed from their area as it was needed by the Department of Defence. #SiyaKolisi

#LandDisposession in 1953 The Tomlinson Commission report recommends separate development as a strategy to avoid racial tension in South Africa and urges an acceleration of land purchases to add to the homeland areas and address overcrowding. #SiyaKolisi

#LandDispossesion in 1955
12 February, Sophiatown is declared a White area under the Group Areas Act, and over 60 000 people are forcibly removed from the area and a suburb named ‘Triomf’ for whites is established in its place in 1957. #SiyaKolisi

#LandDispossesion The Land Tenure Advisory Board (LTAB) established in 1946 is replaced by the Group Areas Development Board (GADB) which is given wide ranging powers to expropriate land.

#LandDispossesion in 1956 Pageview, part of an area set aside for residence of Asians in 1885, is declared a Whites only area.

#LandDispossession in 1957 Schotsche Kloof in Cape Town is declared a Malay area. Sea Point in Cape Town is declared a Whites only area. Indian people are forcibly removed from around Johannesburg and relocated to Lenasia.

#LandDispossession About 1 900 people in Gqogqora in the Tsolo district of the Transkei are forcibly removed to make way for a forest to avert what the government viewed as ‘environmental degradation’.

#LandDispossession in 1958 About 1000 Coloured people in King Williamstown are moved to Schornville from their township. #SiyaKolisi

#LandDispossession in 6 June, Following recommendations of the Group Areas Board, the first proclamations under the Group Areas Act for Durban area announced. The GAB estimates that about 25 000 properties would be affected by the proclamations. #SiyaKolisi

26 June, The Natal Indian Congress (NIC), the Natal Indian Organisation (NIO) and the Durban Combined Ratepayers’ Association convene a meeting at Curries Fountain grounds which is attended by over 20 000 people to protest against the GPA proclamations.

#LandDispossession 1959 The Group Areas Development Bill is tabled and contains a clause that permits the state’s Development Board to appropriate property outside a declared group area. Local authorities launch protests which result in the withdrawal of the clause. #SiyaKolisi

12 June, Lady Selbourne, whose residents had been living under the threat of forced removals since 1954, is declared a ‘black spot’. African families r forcibly relocated 2 Ga Rankuwa, Attredgeville & Mamelodi while Indian people r moved 2 Ladium & Coloured people to Eersterust.

#LandDispossession in 1961 1 August, The Department of Community Development is established & the Group Areas Development Board becomes an organ of the Department. The Group Areas Board begins investigating the possibility of declaring District Six a Whites only area. #SiyaKolisi

#LandDispossession in 1962 9 November, The Mashangana Territorial Authority (MTA) is established through Proclamation R 1 863. It was this authority that laid down the foundation for the creation of the Gazankulu homeland. #SiyaKolisi

The Minister of Bantu Administration and Development states in parliament that there are around 350 ‘black spots’ in South Africa, and 250 of these are in Natal.

#LandDispossession in 1963 The Transkei is granted self-governing status by the Apartheid government under the Transkei Constitution Act. #SiyaKolisi

#LandDispossession in 1964 Approximately 112 000 people from Duncan Village are moved to the outskirts of Mdantsane township which had become part of the Ciskei. The Group Areas Board declares central Cape Town a White group area. #Siyakolisi

#LandDispossession District Six is declared a White area under the Group Areas Act and subsequently, over 60 000 people are forcibly removed to the Cape Flats, an area on the fringes of Cape Town. #Siyakolisi

Charlestown in Natal is declared a White area and residents’ houses are demolished. They are loaded on trucks and moved to an area known as Duck Ponds'. #Siyakolisi

#LandDispossession in 1967 The Apartheid government through Coloured Affairs Department (CAD) threatens to remove its support for schools in the Riemvasmaak claiming it was a ‘Bantu reserve’. #SiyaKolisi

#LandDispossession 1 September, Simonstown in the Cape is declared a White area under the Group Areas Act. Subsequently, Coloured and African people were forcibly removed to other areas. #SiyaKolisi

#LandDispossession in 1968
August, Schornville is declared a White area & the government proposes to move Coloured people 2 Briedbach, an area without roads, sanitation or other facilities. However, residents protest & convene a meeting where they unanimously resolve not to move.

Thousands of African people in the township of Schmidtsdrift, near Kimberley are forcibly removed to a reserve near Kuruman on the Kalahari Desert. #SiyaKolisi

The South African government allocates land south of the Klein Letaba to Venda.
People from White River are removed to Ngodini (Kaboweni), while others are sent to Pienaar, Tlautlau, Emanyeveni and Edwaleni where they erected their own shelters and establish informal settlements.

#LandDispossession in 1969 3000 Maluleke villagers are expelled from the Pafuri area. The area was incorporated in2 the Kruger National Park, #SiyaKolisi

#LandDispossession The Minister of Bantu Administration Michiel CoenraadBotha reports 2 Parliament that 2897 people of whom 2 041 children have been relocated to Dimbaza.

#LandDispossession in 1971 Mossel Bay, St Francis and Paradays Strand are declared White areas. The Apartheid government orders the removal of the Riemvasmaakcommunity from their area near the Namibian border. #SiyaKolisi

#LandDispossession The Bantu Homelands Constitution Act is passed and it becomes the basis on which the South African government grants ‘self governing’ status to homelands.

#LandDispossession in 1972 An estimated 3 500 people are forcibly removed from the Makatini Flats area in Zululand to make way for the establishment of a buffer zone between Mozambique and Natal. Ciskei is granted self-governing status. #SiyaKolisi

#landDispossession in 1973 1 February, Gazankulu homeland is established as a ‘self governing’ territory.

The Riemvasmaakcommunity is forcibly removed by the Apartheid government. Community members were separated. Xhosa speaking people were sent to the Ciskei, the Damara and Nama were sent to Khorogas in Namibia and Coloured people were sent to Upington. #SiyaKolisi

September, Control over “Bantu affairs” in Greater Cape Town is transferred to the Peninsula Bantu Affairs Administration Board which became responsible for forced removals. #SiyaKolisi

#LandDispossession in 1974 The South African Defence Force (SADF) takes over the land seized from the Riemvasmaakcommunity, and later the land was incorporated into the Augrabies Falls National Park. #SiyaKolisi

Several African houses are demolished in Charlestown and people are forcibly removed to Lindela Township in Volksrust. A community of Pedi speaking people is forcibly removed from the Doornkop area by the police and army. They are resettled in Lebowa and later KwaNdebele

#LandDispossession in 1975 African residents in Charlestown are forcibly removed to Osizweni about 25 kilometres east of Newcastle in Natal #SiyaKolisi

#LandDispossession The state President issues an order for the removal for the removal of 400 families from a number of small reserves near Humansdorp in the lower Tsitsikama forest to Elukhanyweni. Police are ordered to arrest all those who refused to move. #SiyaKolisi

#LandDispossession in 1977 Xhosa speaking communities surrounding the Tsitsikama area are forcibly removed and resettled in Elukhanyweni in Keiskammahoek in the homeland of Ciskei. #SiyaKolisi

The Maremane and Gathlose communities in the northern Cape are forcibly removed to allow the SADF to undertake a construction programme #SiyaKolisi

The squatter camps of Unibel and Modderdam on the outskirts of Cape Town are demolished without a court order. #SiyaKolisi

#LandDispossession in 1978
The Action Committee to Stop Eviction (ACTSTOP) is formed in Johannesburg by Indian & Coloured communities 2 fight against the Group Area Act & stop people from being evicted in areas that had been declared White. Cassim Saloojee serves as chairperson

Crieman, an area about 15km north of Ladysmith is identified as a ‘black spot’. Subsequently, people are removed to Ezakheni. #SiyaKolisi

September, The Minister of Plural Relations announces that Bophuthatswana has agreed to cede 25 000 hectares of land in the northern Cape to South Africa. In return, South Africa would cede 25 hectares of land near Thaba Nchu which would be used to accommodate 60 000 Sotho people

#LandDisspossion in 1979 The Association for Rural Advancement (AFRA), a community based organization is formed to fight against evictions in Natal and KwaZulu. The Land Titles Adjustment Act (No: 68) is passed #SiyaKolisi

Venda is granted self government by the South African government under theBantu Homelands Constitution Act. #SiyaKolisi

23 April, The Eastern Cape Administration Board(ECAB) announces that it would start moving 180 families from Coega to Glenmore. #SiyaKolisi

May, An estimated 38 000 people are moved from Kroomdai by the South African Development Trust to Onverwacht south of Thaba Nchu. #SiyaKolisi

#LandDispossession in 1980 The Surplus Peoples Project (SPP) is formed in the Western Cape owing to evictions in Crossroads. #SiyaKolisi

#LandDispossession in 1982 June, The South African government proposes to cede parts of the land within its territory to Swaziland. These areas which included Ingwavuma and KaNgwane (Mswati and Nkomazi) were home to predominantly Swazi speaking people

#LandDispossession 1983 April, Saul Mkhize who led the community against forced removals in Driefontein is shot dead by a White policeman. He had written a letter to state President Botha protesting against the forced removals of the community #SiyaKolisi

#LandDispossession The Transvaal Rural Action Committee (TRAC) is formed by Black Sash to resist forced removals. #SiyaKolisi

About 14 000 people in the Driefontein area which had been declared a ‘black spot’ by the government are forcibly removed to make way for the Heyshope Dam. The community loses access to grazing areas and agricultural land.

#LandDispossession 1984 14 February, The Bakwena ba Magopa are forcibly removed from their land by the South African Defence Force (SADF). However, the community launches a court interdict that went up to the Appellate Division to challenge their removal. #SiyaKolisi

The government passes the Cooperation and Development Act. This law enables the President to transfer particular trust land to homelands. #SiyaKolisi

15 October, The Deputy Minister of Development and Land Affairs Ben Wilkens announces in a press statement that government plans to consolidate Bophuthatswana by adding about 20 000 hectares. #SiyaKolisi

#LandDispossession 1985 The Surplus Peoples Project reconstitutes itself as the National Committee Against Removals (NCAR). This committee serves as an overall structure linking regional Non Governmental Organisations (NGOs) dealing with land related issues #SiyaKolisi

Duncan Village is granted a reprieve and allowed to remain as an area for Black residential settlement. #SiyaKolisi

Mgwali, a cluster of eight villages in the Cape Province is declared a ‘black spot’ by the Apartheid government and its community marked for forced removal to the Ciskei. #SiyaKolisi

August, Following sustained resistance and challenge of the government by the Driefontein community, the Deputy Minister of Development and Land Affairs agrees to meet the community representatives and promises that they would be compensated for their loss of land. #SiyaKolisi

30 August, The Minister of Constitutional Planning and Development J Chris Heunis announces that 25 more farms north of the Marico Corridor would be incorporated into Bophuthatswana.#SiyaKolisi

#LandDispossession 1986 July, A meeting is convened in Zeerust by Lekooane Sebogodi, the acting headman to mobilize support against the incorporation of Braklaate into Bophuthatswana. #SiyaKolisi

September, The Borders of Particular States Extension Amendment Act (No 112) is passed in parliament but only came into effect in April 1987. The act amended the one passed in 1980 which defined the transfer of land to the four independent homelands.

#LandDispossession in 1988 August, Borders of the Ciskei are redrawn to incorporate the Nkqonqkweni village at Peelton near King William’s Town. The village had been split into two when the borders were drawn in 1981 with one part of the village remaining in South Africa

#LandDispossession in 1989 in March, Bophuthatswana police descend on Braklaagte and assaults villagers, school children and arresting leading figures in the community.

April, African residents of Eluxolweni forcibly removed from South Africa across the border to the Ciskei years ago are granted permanent residence status in South Africa.

#LandDispossession The Bakwena ba Magopa win a court challenge which declares their eviction unlawful thus giving them their right to occupy the land from which they were forcibly removed. #SiyaKolisi

#LandDispossession 1990 The Rural Women’s Movement (RWM) is founded. Its aim was to articulate views of women in the debate regarding land issues. #SiyaKolisi

#LandDispossession October, The ANC Land Commission organises and holds a workshop in Broedestroom. #SiyaKolisi

Members of the Barolong Action Committee request permission from the Town Council to visit graveyards of their ancestors in Machaviestad. Permission is granted, but once they visit the area they refuse 2 move leading 2 the arrest of 25 people and charges of trespassing being laid

#LandDispossession 1991 The ANC rejects the White Paper on land drafted by the NP. It stated that “for the ANC restoration of land must underpin any credible land policy.” #SiyaKolisi

1 February, President F W De Klerk announces the revoking of 1913 and 1936 Land Acts through the enactment of the Abolition of Racially Based Land Measures Act and the Upgrading of Land Tenure Act. #SiyaKolisi

#LandDispossession , The NP introduces its White Paper on Land Reform which was limited and aimed largely at preserving the status quo. The paper also argued that the restoration of land lost as result of racially discriminatory legislation was ‘not feasible’. #LandExpropriation