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【专题】以太坊的新分片之旅--Danksharding

本专题先介绍以太坊分片的发展历程及相关的关键事件,随后重点讲解EIP-4844提案和danksharding分片方案。

#Ethereum #Danksharding #EIP4844

defidaonews.com/special/6814384
在2020年下半年,以太坊扩容思路从根本上发生了变化,开始围绕 #rollup 来扩容,这个思路奠定了以太坊未来的发展方向。

在rollup扩容思路下,以太坊本身需要加大对rollup的优化适配力度。在这些需求下,#Danksharding 和EIP-4844应运而出👇

defidaonews.com/article/6814360
EIP-4844提案可以认为是以太坊优先级最高的扩容方案,其主要作用是引进一个Blob交易类型来更好的支持 #rollup ,为之后的 #danksharding 打下基础。

阅读更多:
defidaonews.com/article/6814368
Read 6 tweets
1/15
The scalability of a #zkRollup IS NOT limited by the prove.

I'm detecting some missunderstandings of how a zkRollup works.

Let me explain in this thread why the prover is not the limiting factor and what are the actual limitetions of zk ( and optimistic ) rollups. Image
2/15
The first step is keeping the network synchronised. This is not specific to a zkRollup, this is the same for any chain (L1, L2, .., L43, zk, optimistic, side-chain, etc)
3/15
Once you have one (or many) nodes syncronized, you need to build the proofs for all those batches ( we call a batch to an L2 block to distinguish it from the L1 blocks).
Read 15 tweets
DA is a main bottleneck of blockchain scaling

off-chain DA & #Celestia's DA layer address this, while (proto-)danksharding aims to scale $ETH DA

but what if I told you danksharding could already be implemented as middleware secured by $ETH validators?!

ALPHA 🧵 on @eigenlayer Image
1/ first of all, let's quickly recap the whole DA (= data availability) issue

you can find an introduction to the DA problem and an overview of the current DA landscape here (which also covers off-chain DA):

2/ secondly, if you're not familiar with @CelestiaOrg's DA layer, check out the thread below:

Read 26 tweets
模块化项目 #Celestia 学习笔记 Part5:
1/竞品
Polygon Avail
Avail 是 Polygon 推出的数据可用性方案。实现思路与Celestia 相同。不同点在于,Celestia 使用纠删码+ 欺诈证明,Avail 使用纠删码 + KZG 多项式承诺(KZG Polynomial Commitment)。
1.1/
轻节点使用数据可用性抽样 DAS,用密码学方式核对 KZG 多项式和证明就可以,不需要下载原始数据。

相比之下,Avail 实现难度更大,在完全实现的情况下,结果也相对更可靠。不过目前,两个项目都在开发中,很难判断竞争情况。 Image
2/以太坊 Danksharding

Danksharding 是以太坊官方计划推出的独立数据可用层。与 Avail 类似,Danksharding 使用纠删码 + KZG多项式承诺,数据格式则会使用 Blob 替代现有的 calldata。
Read 13 tweets
10 月 20 日,#Celestia 公布由 Bain Capital Crypto 和 Polychain Capital 领投,约 5500 万美元的最新融资。此轮融资使 Celestia 成为估值逾 10 亿美元独角兽,也再次推了市场对模块化区块链概念的关注热潮。

从概念起源开始,Dr.DODO 聊聊专注于数据可用性的模块化区块链和解决方案。

Threads:
1/概念起源

区块链的主要堆栈有数据可用层,共识层,结算层和交易执行层。单体区块链(monolithic)中,四层工作都在一个网络完成。网络的每个节点都需处理数据的验证到交易的执行。

交易量上升带来的数据累积下,单体区块链逐渐遇到瓶颈。为推动大规模采用,单体区块链向模块化推进成为了一种必然。
1.1/

实际操作过程上,以以太坊的最终扩容计划 - 分片(Sharding)为例,其初步实施是让分片出来的链执行数据可用。

由此可见,专注于做数据可用性的模块化区块链或方案值得关注。由于整体区块链架构的限制,数据可用性对于实现去中心化的可扩展性至关重要。
Read 28 tweets
The #EthereumMerge was a success! But who has time to celebrate? There's still YEARS of work to be done!

In this part 2, we cover the years ahead, looking well into Ethereum’s (ever-changing) roadmap.

FYI, Part 1 is below for a refresher.
There is no official roadmap for #Ethereum, as it is predicated more on rough community consensus.

However, a high-level, noncontroversial plan stretching into 2023-24 is generally regarded as the agreed-upon path for the project.
A more technical roadmap with the progress of each step filled in was updated by @VitalikButerin in December 2021.

Specific developments are tied to future upgrades and are always subject to change.

Consider Merge 💯!
Read 24 tweets
1/ A follow-on 🧵 from yesterday's post about the #ArbitrumOdyssey fee spike.

This thread will discuss, in more detail,:
- the nuances around Optimistic rollups (ORs)
- what are the primary costs associated with ORs
- why there's hope
- @OffchainLabs roadmap
2/ In the case of ORs, no computation is actually done.

They “optimistically” assume all state changes are valid & post the off-chain txs to #ETH’s L1 as calldata.
To counter any potentially fraudulent txs, a dispute period is put in place for ~one week after posting to L1.
3/ During this time, any 3rd party can publish a fraud proof to verify the validity of the txs across L1 and L2.
If the txs are found to be invalid, the invalid txs and all affected txs will be reverted.

@ArbitrumDailyTK , @optimismPBC , @bobanetwork , and @fuellabs_ are ORs
Read 14 tweets
🚀✨ Layer 2 Landscape #18 ✨🚀

(1/12) Hi there! 👋 We've all been a bit distracted by the $UST & $LUNA implosion and the overall bearishness in the market, but the #Layer2 #Ethereum space never sleeps! Here's are some highlights from this week! 🧵👇
(2/12) @epolynya made a plea to "remove plutocracies from even the first line of defence, and replace them with more democratic systems" in blockchain architecture:
(3/12) The #StarkGate Alpha == #StarkNet Bridge on mainnet is live! Check out this 🧵 from @odin_free on what this means and what you can do now!
Read 12 tweets
1/ 🧵
#danksharding, #PBS, #crList, #blob transactions...

Seems #Ethereum has an affinity for making up words these days! And it all starts with (the normal sounding) #calldata

Let's figure out why, define some of these ridiculous terms, and see how #ETH can get even better
2/ #Rollups (RU) post their compressed L2 batched transactions as calldata onto mainnet Ethereum. But what does that mean and what is calldata?
#l222
Calldata (CD) is a specific form of read-only memory data used by smart contracts to call external functions. Image
Once a RU has batched enough txs, it posts this state transition change in a compressed form to the L1 via CD.
RUs currently utilize L1 CD for data storage, which is limited to ~10KB per block. This is so anyone has the ability to reconstruct the chain & verify the latest state Image
Read 28 tweets
1/ 🧵
How and why "data availability (DA)" became the sexiest topic in #Ethereum land, the #l222 space, and for #rollups
2/ Pre-2021 (roughly speaking), DA for most #blockchains wasn't a concern for 2 reasons:
1) most blockchains did not have enough usage to warrant any concern
2) the monolithic approach meant that each (full) node downloaded the entire block to check for availability no problemo
3/ However, this approach has its limitations/drawbacks, and, thus, new solutions like light clients, rollups (RUs), and the modular approach were implemented.
@BanklessHQ @TrustlessState @RyanSAdams
Read 23 tweets
Today on Ethereum #AllCoreDevs, our very own @protolambda presented EIP-4844: Shard Blob Transactions.



With the potential to decrease fees by 100x for all rollups, and a practical path to implementation, we strongly support this EIP.

But how, you ask?🧶
In short: introduce a new transaction format for posting “data blobs” to L1, which contain arbitrary data for use in rollups. This idea was introduced by @dankrad and @VitalikButerin...
notes.ethereum.org/@vbuterin/blob…
Read 10 tweets
If you want to learn how blockchains can scale massively while *increasing* decentralization *and* security, this is among the most important seminars you'll ever watch.

#danksharding
I'll be live-tweeting through the #danksharding seminar. You have 10+ hours to mute me if you'd rather not follow along.
I'm playing it by ear, but this will be most likely a casual live-tweet thread with my ramblings, with some shitposting.

If you want to actually learn how danksharding works, please watch the real thing here:
Read 49 tweets

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